Travel Expense captures airfare, hotels and lodging, rental cars, rideshare, taxis, parking, baggage fees, and other transit costs incurred while away from your tax home for business. The placement is Expenses → Travel Expense, usually as a top-level operating expense account in the chart of accounts.
What doesn't belong here: meals (always 50% deductible, lives in Meals - 50% Deductible), business mileage in your own vehicle (lives in Vehicle Expense or auto reimbursement), and the daily commute from home to the regular office (never deductible, IRC §262 personal expense). Three different accounts, three different rules.
The core of the travel account: a $487 Delta flight to Atlanta for a client visit, a $194/night Hampton Inn stay for two nights, an $86 Uber from the airport to the office and a $74 Uber back at the end of the trip. All Travel Expense.
For a typical professional services business with 4-6 client visits a quarter, expect $3,000-$8,000/quarter in travel. Lumpy. Most of the spend hits when the actual trips happen, not evenly across months.
The dinner during the trip, even though it's part of the same trip, goes to meals and entertainment category at 50% deductible. The mileage to drive to the airport in your own car goes to vehicle and mileage expenses. Splitting at the account level keeps the categories clean and the deductibility percentages right at filing time.
A $387 work trip might split four ways: $187 airfare to Travel, $94 hotel to Travel, $48 dinner to Meals - 50%, $58 mileage reimbursement to Vehicle Expense. Four lines, four accounts. Worth the extra coding for clean tax treatment.
The bucket is broader than just flights and hotels.
Domestic and international flights, baggage fees (first bag, second bag, oversize), seat selection upgrades, in-flight wifi for business use, and airline change fees. All Travel Expense.
If the airfare includes a personal extension (the owner flies to Chicago for a client meeting and stays an extra two days for a personal weekend), the business portion of the airfare is fully deductible if the trip's primary purpose is business. The hotel for the personal nights is not deductible. The full airfare can stay in Travel because the airline ticket is a single business-trip cost. The non-business hotel nights get coded to a non-deductible account or excluded from the business books entirely.
Hotel rooms, AirBnB stays, hotel taxes, resort fees, hotel parking. All Travel Expense. Same rule: business nights are deductible, personal nights are not. Code business nights to Travel, code personal nights to a non-deductible owner draw account or keep them off the business books.
For longer stays (more than a week in one location), the analysis can shift. The IRS uses a one-year temporary work assignment test under §162(a)(2). Stays over a year stop being "travel" and the location becomes the new tax home. Most small businesses don't run into this.
Hertz/Avis/Enterprise rental cars during business travel, plus the gas refill, plus the airport drop-off charge. Uber/Lyft/Lyft Business rides. Taxis. Airport parking and city parking during the trip. All Travel Expense.
If the rental car is rented in the home city for non-travel business use (the owner rents an SUV for a one-day client move because their personal car wouldn't fit), code to Vehicle Expense instead. Travel applies to away-from-home situations.
Conference registration fees fall in a gray zone. The straight admission fee is often coded to Training & Education because the value is the educational content, not the travel. The hotel and flight to attend the conference go to Travel. The split keeps both lines clean.
If the conference is more networking than education (an industry trade show, a sales kickoff, a partner summit), some bookkeepers code the registration to Travel because it's tied to the trip. Either approach is defensible; pick one and apply consistently. The IRS doesn't care about the COA split. Both accounts deduct the same way.
For travel meals and incidentals, businesses can choose between actual receipts or IRS-approved per diem rates. The choice affects substantiation and bookkeeping volume.
The General Services Administration (GSA) publishes per diem rates by location at GSA.gov. The rates split into lodging and M&IE (meals and incidental expenses). For TY2026, the standard CONUS rate is published annually. Check GSA.gov for the current location-specific rate before applying.
The IRS also publishes a high-low method (Pub 1542 / annual revenue procedure) that simplifies to two rates: a "high-cost" rate for designated metro areas and a "low" rate for everywhere else. Most practitioners use the high-low method for client travel because it eliminates per-city lookups.
[Per diem rates for TY2026: verify against current GSA.gov / IRS Notice before applying.]
Per diem works well when employees travel frequently and receipt collection is painful. Instead of tracking every meal receipt, the employee gets a flat daily rate and the company deducts the per diem amount. No receipts, less administrative drag.
Per diem covers M&IE (meals and incidentals: tips, dry cleaning, fees). Lodging stays actual unless the employee is on the lodging-included rate. The deduction works the same as actual: meals at 50%, incidentals at 100%, lodging at 100%.
Per diem doesn't apply to the owner's own travel in most cases. It's an employee tool. For the owner's travel, actual receipts are required.
For owner-employees holding more than 10% of an S-Corp (or partners in a partnership), per diem is generally not allowed for meals. Only actual receipts qualify. The IRS treats these owners differently from rank-and-file employees because of the related-party concern.
For the 10%-plus owner: actual meal receipts, actual amounts, full §274(d) substantiation (date, amount, place, business purpose, attendees). No per diem shortcut. This catches a lot of small business owners off guard who think they can just use per diem rates for simplicity.
This is the line that disqualifies a lot of would-be travel expenses.
The drive from your house to your regular office, even if you spend three hours in traffic, even if you drive your business vehicle, is a personal commuting expense under §262. Not deductible. Not travel. Not vehicle expense for business. Personal.
This applies whether the regular office is in a leased commercial space, a coworking space, or a shop. If it's the regular work location, the daily trip is commute. If the owner's "regular office" is technically the home office, the rule is different (see below).
If the owner has a qualifying home office that's the regular place of business, then trips from home to client sites or other temporary work locations are deductible business travel/mileage. The home office acts as the tax home, and trips out are business trips, not commutes.
The home office must qualify under §280A (regular and exclusive business use). Coworking spaces don't count as home offices for this purpose. Sole props and partners often qualify; W-2 employees generally don't (the §280A home office deduction is suspended for W-2 employees through 2025 and beyond under TCJA, modified by OBBBA; confirm current status before advising).
If the owner has a regular office but works at a temporary location for less than a year, mileage and travel between home and the temporary location are deductible. A client engagement that lasts six months at the client's site qualifies. A 14-month engagement at the same site doesn't qualify and the location becomes a regular work location.
The line is one year per Rev. Rul. 99-7. Plan engagements with this in mind for travel-heavy clients.
Three minutes of setup, and travel categorization runs cleanly the rest of the year.
In QBO: Accounting → Chart of Accounts → New. Account Type: Expenses. Detail Type: Travel. Name: Travel Expense. Save.
QBO ships with a Travel detail type that maps cleanly to the tax line on Schedule C, Form 1120, 1120-S, and 1065. Use it. Custom detail types for travel exist but don't add value here.
For clients with material travel spend (>$2,000/month), break into sub-accounts:
Travel - AirfareTravel - LodgingTravel - Ground TransitTravel - OtherThe hierarchy makes the year-over-year comparison meaningful. Owners can see whether airfare is up because of more trips or because of more expensive flights, separately from whether hotel costs are climbing.
For clients with light travel ($500/month or less), one combined Travel Expense account is enough. The split-versus-combined decision lives in the broader OpEx categories framework.
When the owner pays for travel out of pocket and expects reimbursement, the workflow:
Travel Expense, credit Due to Owner (or Owner Reimbursement Payable).Due to Owner, credit Cash.For S-Corp owners, this is the cleanest path. Actual reimbursements through an accountable plan (with documented receipts and a reasonable timeline) are not taxable to the owner and are deductible to the company. Without an accountable plan, the reimbursement becomes wages and gets dragged into payroll. Set up the accountable plan in writing on day one.
Three errors keep showing up across clean-up engagements.
The bookkeeper sees a $48 dinner charge during a business trip and codes it to Travel Expense. Travel deducts at 100%. Meals deduct at 50%. The travel line is overstated, the meals line is understated, and the deduction the return claims is wrong by half the meal amount.
Fix: meals always go to Meals - 50% Deductible, regardless of whether the meal happened during a trip. The trip context doesn't change the meal account assignment. See meals and entertainment category for the full rules.
The owner drives 14 miles to the office every day, then submits the mileage as a business expense. The bookkeeper codes 280 miles a month at the standard rate to Travel or Vehicle Expense. Wrong. That's commute, not business mileage.
Fix: mileage tracking starts when the owner leaves the regular office to drive somewhere else for business, not when leaving home in the morning. Apps like MileIQ help by flagging commute trips separately. See vehicle and mileage expenses for the full mileage rules.
The owner takes a family vacation and tries to write off the airfare because they "had a quick client call from the hotel." Doesn't fly. The IRS test is whether the primary purpose of the trip is business. Incidental client work during a personal vacation doesn't convert the trip.
Fix: ask one question on every travel transaction: "Was the primary purpose business?" If yes, deduct. If no, code to a non-deductible owner draw account or exclude from the books. The §274(d) substantiation requirement (date, place, business purpose) is the audit defense. Without contemporaneous notes, the deduction can be disallowed.
For broader category structure, the chart of accounts hub has the full framework.
Growthy is bookkeeping software, not a CPA firm. This content is educational, not professional advice. Full disclaimer.
Related: Chart of Accounts, Vehicle & Mileage Expenses, Meals & Entertainment Category
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Vehicle expenses split into two methods: standard mileage (a single per-mile rate that covers gas, depreciation, and maintenance) or actual expense (every cost tracked separately). The choice in year one usually locks in the rest.
Training and education go to Training & Education Expense, but the deductibility test is sharper than most articles admit. Owner career-change tuition isn't deductible; CPE for licensed pros always is; conferences split across three accounts.
Shipping splits between COGS and Operating Expense based on whether it ties directly to revenue. E-commerce fulfillment is COGS; mailing checks is OpEx. Misclassifying distorts gross margin, sometimes by 10+ points.